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Title: LIFE HISTORY OF FROGS AND TOADS, the

Reference number: 3925

Date: 1941c

Production company: SEFA (Glasgow Group)

Sound: silent

Original format: 16mm

Colour: bw

Fiction: non-fiction

Running time: 12.24 mins

Description: Various stages of development from egg to adult form are followed by photography through side of glass tank.

[Please note the viewing copy may display some visible defects such as flicker.]

Credits: filmed by SEFA (Glasgow Group) and Girl's Guildry

Shotlist: ecs (0.15) c/u frog (or toad!) In MARCH the SPAWN is found in still water pan of still pond with grasses growing on banks (0.41) c/u human hnad grabbing handfuls of jelly-like spawn to demonstrate consistency (0.58) A close view of THE EGG labelled diagram showing 'nucleus' and 'glutinous envelpoe' (1.20) The eggs are hatched by the warm spring sun (1.29) The egg one week later labelled diagram showing 'nucleus' enlarged (1.42) Notice change after two weeks labelled diagram with 'embryo tadpole' visible (1.53) real-life c/u shot of many tadpoles in embryo moving aboutk (2.03) In APRIL the tadpoles emerge from the egg c/u same (2.56) Diagram of tadpole seen from above, 1st Stage labelled diagram showing 'head', 'outer gills', 'body' and 'tail' (3.22) Outer gills are used for breathing c/u same (3.52) Two weeks later the outer gills have disappeared (3.57) Diagram of tadpole, 2nd Stage labelled diagram showing 'head', 'body' and 'mouth' (4.11) Lateral movements of the tail are used in swimming gvs same (4.26) Bodies become rounder, and tails stronger gvs tadpoles (4.46) The mouth and jaws are now developed and the tadpole lives on vegetable matter c/u tadpoles eating weedlike plants in water (5.07) The tadpoles soon prefer animal food c/u tadpoles eating bugs (5.26) Watch them enjoying a piece of beef gvs same (6.08) In MAY hind legs begin to appear c/u tadpoles from different angles, showing these (6.39) The legs grow strong and are used in swimming gvs same (7.28) Notice how quickly they swim now gvs swimming tadpoles (8.16) Compare the tadpole with the adult gvs same (9.02) The adult is a lung-breathing animal c/u of adult (9.27) Tadpoles still use gills gvs tadpoles swimming (9.52) In JUNE fore legs appear gvs tadpoles swimming (10.03) In warm weather tadpoles rapidly become small frogs (10.12) Lungs gradually come into use gvs new little frogs swimming around (10.53) The tail disappears gvs frogs swimming (11.11) Young frogs can now live out of water shots of frogs swimming and going out of water, nudged along by a pencil tip in order to show their movements (12.05) After four years the young frog becomes the mature adult gvs adult frogs (12.18) THE END (12.24)